Braque's early works, those of 1903-05, were executed in the mood of early impressionism. From 1902 to 1904 Braque went to Paris to study at the Academie Humbert and then at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts) in the studio of Leon Bonnat. The first collage.īorn on May 13th, 1882, Georges Braque received his training at the local art school in Le Havre. Picasso's "Still Life with Chair-Caning". This collage technique emphasizes the differences in texture and poses the question of what is reality and what is illusion in painting. Smooth and rough surfaces are contrasted with one another and frequently non-painted objects such as newspapers or tobacco wrappers, are pasted on the canvas in combination with painted areas. Colour is extremely important in the pieces' shapes because they become larger and more decorative. Works of this phase emphasize the combination, or synthesis, of forms in the picture.
Interest in the above subject matter continued after 1912, during the phase called Synthetic Cubism. Forms are generally compact and dense in the centre of the Analytical Cubist painting, growing larger as they diffuse toward the edges of the canvas, as in Picasso's "Portrait of Ambroise Vollard". These planes appear to ascend the surface of the canvas rather than to recede in depth. The monochromatic colour scheme was suited to the presentation of complex, multiple views of the object, which was now reduced to overlapping opaque and transparent planes. Colour schemes were simplified, tending to be nearly monochromatic (hues of tan, brown, gray, cream, green, or blue preferred) in order not to distract the viewer from the artist's primary interest-the structure of form itself. Right-angle and straight-line construction were favoured, though occasionally some areas of the painting appeared sculptural, as in Picasso's "Girl with a Mandolin" (1910). Paintings executed during this period showed the breaking down, or analysis, of form. The period from 1910 to 1912 is referred to as Analytical Cubism. As in Cézanne's art, perspective was rendered by means of colour, the warm reddish browns advancing and the cool blues receding. It was "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon", a work painted by Picasso in 1907, that forecast the new style in this work, the forms of five female nudes became fractured, angular shapes. In Braque's work, the volumes of the houses, the cylindrical forms of the trees, and the tan-and-green colour scheme are reminiscent of Paul Cézanne's landscapes, which deeply inspired the Cubists in their first stage of development, until 1909. Typical cubist paintings frequently show letters, musical instruments, bottles, pitchers, glasses, newspapers, still lifes, and the human face and figure.Ĭubism derived its name from remarks that were made by the painter Henri Matisse and the critic Louis Vauxcelles, who derisively described Braque's 1908 work "Houses at L'Estaque" as composed of cubes. Cubist painters were not bound to copying form, texture, colour, and space instead, they presented a new reality in paintings that depicted radically fragmented objects, whose several sides were seen simultaneously. The Cubist style emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro and refuting time-honoured theories of art as the imitation of nature. This Website is Best Viewed Using FirefoxĬubism was a highly influential visual arts style of the 20th century that was created principally by the painters Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in Paris between 19.
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